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Solar panels are made up of many individual solar cells, typically constructed from silicon.
Each solar cell is designed to absorb sunlight and convert that energy into electricity through a process called the PhotoVoltaic effect, that’s where the PV comes from when looking at solar panels
The individual solar cells are wired together to form a solar panel also known as a solar module which allows their electrical currents to be combined and amplified. The more solar cells in a panel, the higher the electrical output of the panel or module.
When sunlight hits the solar cell, it causes electrons in the silicon to become dislodged and start moving, creating an electrical current. The solar cell is built with positive and negative layers, creating an electric field that forces the electrons to flow in a specific direction, generating Direct Current (DC) electricity.
Solar panels are designed to absorb as much sunlight as possible, so they often have an anti-reflective coating and are tilted towards the sun's position. As the sun moves across the sky, the panels are able to capture sunlight from different angles throughout the day. While solar panels don't require direct sunlight to generate electricity, their output is maximised when they receive direct, unobstructed sunlight exposure. This is why solar panels are often installed on rooftops or in open areas with minimal shading.
Jaco van Niekerk -Sable Energy
